@Dudley1001, thank you for all the help! I don’t have it figured out yet, but I’ve been taking your advice to heart and trying things out.
Tonight I looked into the problem of the shield not powering the Arduino. It turns out that the 12v input from the shield isn’t connected to the VIN pin. So to provide the 12v to the Arduino, I had to solder a short jumper wire from the output of the fuse on the shield to the VIN pin. I found that advice on another forum. That works, and now I have power to my Arduino via the shield. That eliminates the cheap-o power supply that I was using for the Arduino as the problem.
After that I tried another cut, and it errored out again. It errors out in a different place each time. So then I wondered if it was interference coming over the power line, so I tried connecting it to a 3s battery. The battery was at storage charge, so only 11.4v, so safe. Unfortunately that didn’t solve it either and it errored out again.
So then I went back to cutting with my computer instead of the offline controller. Success. At least for the smallish test I was doing. However, I was getting occasional unexplained stoppages with my computer before too, just much less frequent and different in nature. With my computer, the cutting head would just stop every once in awhile. It was good for about a year after I got a good power supply, then started doing that again. With the offline controller, it skips random steps. It’s far less frequent with the computer though.
So now I’m wondering... Interference over the air? My wifi router? I’m suspicious of the ribbon cable that came with the controller because it’s not twisted. I tried twisting the wires the I jumped between the ribbon cable and the Arduino, but that didn’t do it. So I think I’ll try removing the ribbon cable entirely and just jump straight to the controller.
This has been a confounding problem, but I appreciate any and all advice you give! Thanks!