Yes, you can glue foamboard sheets together.
In the USA, we use foamboard because it's cheap, light weight and widely available. You likely have other suitable materials that we don't have. For us, depron is hard to get and very expensive. Cardboard, from a cardboard box, will make a great flying plane, it will fly just as good as a FB plane. The FB plane may look a tad better as the cardboard finish will be a bit rougher.